Conditioning shampoo compositions containing select cationic conditioning polymers

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are aqueous conditioning shampoo compositions which comprise an anionic detersive surfactant component; from about 0.025% to about 5% by weight of an water soluble or dispersible, cationic, non crosslinked, deposition or conditioning polymer; the conditioning shampoo may additionally comprise dispersed, liquid, droplets of a water insoluble, hair conditioning agent having a volume average particle diameter of from about 5 microns to about 125 microns. A homopolymer has a cationic charge density from about from about 2 meq/gm to about 4 meq/gm or a cationic charge density of from about 5 meq/gm to about 10 meq/gm; or an average molecular weight of at least 500,000. A copolymer is formed from one or more cationic monomer units and one or more nonionic monomer units or monomer units bearing a negative charge wherein the subsequent charge of the copolymer is positive. The cationic polymer, in combination with anionic detersive surfactant component and other essential components, provides improved deposition of the conditioning agent on hair or skin, even when the dispersed conditioning agent particles have a volume average particle size of up to about 125 microns. The composition may be applied to skin or hair, and provides improved conditioning performance even without the use of the dispersed hair conditioning agent particles.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] The application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisionalapplication Serial No. 60/385,794 (Case 8958P), filed on Jun. 4, 2002.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates to conditioning shampoocompositions with improved conditioning performance which compriseselect cationic deposition polymers.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Conditioning shampoos comprising various combinations ofdetersive surfactant and hair conditioning agents are known. Theseshampoo products typically comprise an anionic detersive surfactant incombination with a conditioning agent such as silicone, hydrocarbon oil,fatty esters, or combinations thereof. These shampoos have become morepopular among consumers as a means of conveniently obtaining hairconditioning and hair cleansing performance all from a single hair careproduct.

[0004] Many conditioning shampoos, however, do not provide sufficientdeposition of conditioning agents onto hair during the shampooingprocess. Without such deposition, large proportions of conditioningagent are rinsed away during the shampooing process and thereforeprovide little or no conditioning benefit. Without sufficient depositionof the conditioning agent on the hair, relatively high levels ofconditioning agents may be needed in the shampoo composition to provideadequate hair conditioning performance. Such high levels of aconditioning agent, however, can increase raw material costs, reducelathering, and present product stability concerns.

[0005] Obtaining good deposition of a conditioning agent onto hair isfurther complicated by the action of detersive surfactants in theshampoo. Detersive surfactants are designed to carry away or remove,oil, grease, dirt, and particulate matter from the hair and scalp. Indoing so, the detersive surfactants can also interfere with depositionof the conditioning agent, and carry away both deposited and nondeposited conditioning agent during rinsing. This further reducesdeposition of the conditioning agent onto the hair after rinsing, thusfurther reducing hair conditioning performance.

[0006] One known method for improving deposition of a hair conditioningagent onto hair involves the use of certain cationic depositionpolymers. These polymers may be synthetic, but are most typicallynatural cellulosic or guar polymers that have been modified withcationic substituents. The cationic charge density of such polymers,especially when used in a shampoo composition, is minimized so as toavoid incompatibility with anionic materials in the shampoo such asanionic surfactant. As such, most shampoos which contain both an anionicdetersive surfactant and a cationic deposition polymer will maintainrelatively low cationic charge density values for the deposition polymerin order to maintain physical stability of the shampoo composition.

[0007] A need still exists for improved conditioning performance inshampoo compositions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0008] The present invention is directed to conditioning shampoocompositions which comprise:

[0009] (A) from about 5% to about 50% by weight of a detersivesurfactant component selected from the group consisting of anionicsurfactants, amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants having an attachedgroup that is anionic at the pH of the composition, and combinationsthereof;

[0010] (B) from about 0.025% to about 5% by weight of an water solubleor dispersible, cationic, non crosslinked, conditioning polymer havingone or more of the following characteristics:

[0011] i. a cationic charge density of from about 2 meq/gm to about 4meq/gm or a cationic charge density of at least 5 meq/gm, and/or

[0012] ii. an average molecular weight of at least 500,000, and/or

[0013] iii. a copolymer formed from one or more cationic monomer unitsand one or more nonionic monomer units or monomer units bearing aterminal negative charge wherein the subsequent charge of the copolymeris positive; and

[0014] (C) from about 20% to about 94% by weight of water.

[0015] The present invention also relates to conditioning shampoocompositions which also contain from about 0.05% to 20% by weight ofdispersed particles of a water insoluble, conditioning agent having avolume average particle diameter of from about 5 microns to about 125microns. The select conditioning polymers defined herein, in combinationwith the other essential components, provide improved deposition of theconditioning agent on hair or skin.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] The shampoo compositions of the present invention can comprise,consist of, or consist essentially of the essential elements andlimitations of the invention described herein, as well any of theadditional or optional ingredients, components, or limitations describedherein.

[0017] One embodiment of the present invention concerns the surprisingdiscovery that compositions combining certain water soluble ordispersible, cationic, non crosslinked, deposition polymers incombination with surfactants form microscopically-phase separatelyotropic liquid crystals suspended in an aqueous surfactant phase. Inuse, the dispersed, concentrated polymer lyotropic liquid crystal phaseprovides improved hair and skin conditioning.

[0018] Moreover, without being limited to a particular theory, itappears that when dispersed conditioning agent particles are added tothe matrix, the concentrated polymer lyotropic liquid crystal phaseprovides an improved mechanism for conditioning agent deposition,yielding conditioning agent deposition that results in moreconditioning.

[0019] The liquid crystalline state exists between the boundaries of thesolid crystalline phase and the isotropic liquid phase (i.e. anintermediate between the three dimensionally ordered crystalline stateand the disordered dissolved state). In this state, some of themolecular order characteristics of the solid crystalline phase areretained in the liquid state because of the molecular structure andshort range intermolecular interaction. The ability of some compounds toform a liquid crystalline mesophase had been observed nearly a centuryago.

[0020] Liquid crystals are also known as anisotropic fluids, a fourthstate of matter, polymer association structure or mesophases. Thoseterms are used interchangeably. Lyotropic means a material is formedthrough changes in solution behavior (and hence by definition contains asolvent, for example water) of the ingredients. The changes involvethermal and salvation energies. The term “lyotropic liquid crystal” asused herein, refers to a liquid crystalline phase distinctive by thepresence of birefringence (a non-limiting example of which is formationof maltese crosses) under polarized light microscopy. These are mosteasily observed in the absence of particles as some particles alsodemonstrate birefringence. In addition, the term “polymer liquidcrystals”, as used herein, means “polymeric lyotropic liquid crystals”unless otherwise specified.

[0021] In general, liquid phases refer to the manner in which molecules,in this case cationic polymers and the anionic detersive surfactants,are arranged in space within a phase (this case involves a continuousaqueous phase). This phase is significantly more ordered than anordinary liquid, but significantly less ordered than crystalline solids.If we consider a crystalline solid to have order in all directions, X, Yand Z then liquid crystals are phases that are ordered or crystalline inonly one or two of their three possible orthogonal directions and aredisordered (random or liquid-like) in the other dimensions. Cross-linkedpolymers have the back bones of the polymers chemically bound to eachother. This forms a 3-dimensional polymer structure and without beingbound by theory, the desired lytropic liquid crystal consist as layersof polymer and surfactant and hence the polymer needs a certain degreeof flexibility to form the liquid crystal phase. The inflexibility ofthe cross-linked polymer is therefore not preferred. Reference: Chapter8 “The Aqueous Phase Behavior of Surfactants” by R. G. Laughlin.Lamellar liquid crystals are ordered in only the Z directionperpendicular to the plane of the layers and disordered in the X & Ydirections within the plane of the layers. Preferably, lamellar liquidcrystals are formed in the cleansing composition of the presentinvention and incorporate non-crosslinked cationic polymers.

[0022] Liquid crystals are substances that possess mechanical propertiesresembling those of fluids, yet are capable of transmitting light whenviewed with cross polars (birefringence) under static conditions. Somecases may show Bragg reflections characteristic of a well-definedmolecular spacing. They have high degrees of orientational order andchain extensions.

[0023] The light microscopy of liquid crystals is described in TheMicroscopy of Liquid Crystals, Norman Hartshorne, MicroscopyPublications, Ltd., Chicago, Ill., U.S.A., 1974. Birefringence occurs ingeneral for mesomorphic states. Methods for microscopic observation andevaluation are discussed in Chapter 1, pp.1-20, and in Chapter 6, pp.79-90. A preferred method for determining occurrence of liquid crystalsis by observing birefringence (a non-limiting example of which isformation of maltese crosses) of thin liquid crystal films between glassslides or from thin slices of a material under a polarizing microscope.

[0024] Liquid crystals are known to be used as thickeners in shampoocompositions. The formation of lamellar phase liquid crystals insurfactant systems is disclosed (in the context of thickening theproduct) in U.S. Pat. No.5,556,628, WO2001005932 and EP796615.

[0025] It is also known to use polymers to form liquid crystallinephases for the sole purpose of thickening (often called thickeninggels). EP 796614 teaches the use of polymers to thicken shampoos, butteach a class of polymers known to cross-link. Moreover, EP796614teaches the use of inverse emulsion preparation of the polymer gel,which is a technique synonymous with cross-linked polymers.

[0026] A further embodiment of the present invention concerns thesurprising discovery that particular types of polymeric liquid crystalsyield improved conditioning, even without the presence of any additionalconditioning agents. Without being limited by theory, these correspondto large and/or more viscous polymeric liquid crystals. The followingtable exemplifies several of the highly preferred polymers and theirliquid crystal size and their theological property as measured by thestorage modulus G′.

[0027] The liquid crystal size was measured via standard polarized lightmicroscopy and the size reported as a range based on a finite number ofobservations. The observed size depends greatly on the preparationtechnique (for example, the amount of shear in making the cleansingcomposition) and the following data were measured using a standardizedmaking procedure. The theological property G′ is defined as the storagemodulus and is the part of the shear stress that is in phase with the(shear) strain divided by the strain under sinusoidal conditions. Theunits of measure are Pa. Additional information may be obtained from “AnIntroduction to Rheology” by Barnes et al., Elsevier, 1998, incorporatedherein by reference. Polymeric Liquid G′ of Polymeric MW Crystal sizemicrons liquid crystal MAPTAC (0) 220,000 5-7  500 HMW MAPTAC (1)860,000 7-9  1000 HHMW MAPTAC (2) 1,500,000 8-10 1500 Diquat (3) 900,0009-11 750

[0028] These data refer to homopolymers of the preferred syntheticcationic polymers, and clearly demonstrate that synthetic cationicpolymers with higher molecular weight yield larger polymeric liquidcrystals sizes and liquid crystals with higher values of G′.

[0029] The inventors have discovered that production of the preferredtype of polymeric liquid crystal can be achieved through utilizing thepolymers with the following characteristics:

[0030] a. a cationic charge density of from about 2 meq/gm to about 4meq/gm or a cationic charge density of at least 5 meq/gm, or

[0031] b. an average molecular weight of at least 500,000, or

[0032] c. A copolymer formed from one or more cationic monomer units andone or more nonionic monomer units or monomer units bearing a terminalnegative charge wherein the subsequent charge of the copolymer ispositive.

[0033] A further objective of the present invention is to depositefficacious levels of dispersed conditioning agent particles. U.S. Pat.No. 5,756,436 (Royce et al.) teaches the use of certain cationicdeposition polymers for improved deposition of particles, dispersionsand mixes thereof. The polymers taught herein all provide significantbenefits (as demonstrated herein) and structurally differ from thosetaught by Royce et al. by at least one of the above criteria. Royce etal. teaches away from copolymers and teaches low molecular weights anddifferent charge densities versus those taught herein. The use of suchpolymers is also taught by U.S. Pat. No. 5,661,118, WO 9726860, EP231997 and WO9729736; the latter requiring the use of zwitterionic andamphoteric surfactants—a restriction not required herein.

[0034] In one embodiment, the personal cleansing compositions of thepresent invention include surfactant, a cationic polymer and water. Inanother preferred embodiment the personal cleansing compositions of thepresent invention include surfactant, a cationic polymer, conditioningagent and water. Each of these components, as well as other preferred oroptional components, are described in detail hereinafter.

[0035] All percentages, parts and ratios are based upon the total weightof the compositions of the present invention, unless otherwisespecified. All such weights as they pertain to listed ingredients arebased on the active level and, therefore, do not include solvents orby-products that may be included in commercially available materials,unless otherwise specified.

[0036] All molecular weights as used herein are weight average molecularweights expressed as grams/mole, unless otherwise specified.

[0037] The term “charge density”, as used herein, refers to the ratio ofthe number of positive charges on a monomeric unit of which a polymer iscomprised to the molecular weight of said monomeric unit. The chargedensity multiplied by the polymer molecular weight determines the numberof positively charged sites on a given polymer chain.

[0038] Herein, “comprising” means that other steps and other ingredientswhich do not affect the end result can be added. This term encompassesthe terms “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of”. Thecompositions and methods/processes of the present invention cancomprise, consist of, and consist essentially of the essential elementsand limitations of the invention described herein, as well as any of theadditional or optional ingredients, components, steps, or limitationsdescribed herein.

[0039] The term “fluid” as used herein, means a liquid or a gas whichtends to take the shape of its container, container being the wall ofthe flexible hollow particles.

[0040] The term “lamellar liquid crystal” as used herein, means amaterial that is ordered in only the Z direction perpendicular to theplane of the layers and disordered in the X & Y directions within theplane of the layers.

[0041] The term “liquid crystal” as used herein, means a material havingphases that are ordered and/or crystalline in only one or two of theirthree possible orthogonal directions and are disordered (random and/orliquid-like) in the other dimensions.

[0042] The term “lyotropic” as used herein, means a material is formedthrough changes in solution behavior of the ingredients. The changesinvolve thermal and solvation energies.

[0043] The term “phase separation” as used herein, means the formationof two thermodynamically stable liquid phases which exist, not asdistinct bulk layers, but as a stable emulsion comprising droplets ofone phase dispersed in another phase.

[0044] The term “polymer” as used herein shall include materials whethermade by polymerization of one type of monomer or made by two (i.e.,copolymers) or more types of monomers.

[0045] The term “suitable for application to human hair” as used herein,means that the compositions or components thereof so described aresuitable for use in contact with human hair and the scalp and skinwithout undue toxicity, incompatibility, instability, allergic response,and the like.

[0046] The term “water soluble” as used herein, means that the polymeris soluble in water in the present composition. In general, the polymershould be soluble at 25° C. at a concentration of 0.1% by weight of thewater solvent, preferably at 1%, more preferably at 5%, more preferablyat 15%.

[0047] As used herein, “nonvolatile” refers to any material havinglittle or no significant vapor pressure under ambient conditions, and aboiling point under one atmosphere (atm) preferably at least about 250°C. The vapor pressure under such conditions is preferably less thanabout 0.2 mm.

[0048] All cited references are incorporated herein by reference intheir entireties. Citation of any reference is not an admissionregarding any determination as to its availability as prior art to theclaimed invention.

[0049] Detersive Surfactant Component

[0050] The shampoo compositions of the present invention comprise ananionic detersive surfactant component to provide cleaning performanceto the composition. The anionic detersive surfactant component in turncomprises anionic detersive surfactant, zwitterionic or amphotericdetersive surfactant which has an attached group that is anionic at thepH of the composition, or a combination thereof, preferably anionicdetersive surfactant. Such surfactants should be physically andchemically compatible with the essential components described herein, orshould not otherwise unduly impair product stability, aesthetics orperformance.

[0051] Suitable anionic detersive surfactant components for use in theshampoo composition herein include those which are known for use in haircare or other personal care cleansing compositions. The concentration ofthe anionic surfactant component in the shampoo composition should besufficient to provide the desired cleaning and lather performance, andgenerally range from about 5% to about 50%, preferably from about 8% toabout 30%, more preferably from about 10% to about 25%, even morepreferably from about 12% to about 18%, by weight of the composition.

[0052] Preferred anionic surfactants suitable for use in the shampoocompositions are the alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates. These materialshave the respective formulae ROSO₃M and RO(C₂H₄O)_(x)SO₃M, wherein R isalkyl or alkenyl of from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, x is aninteger having a value of from 1 to 10, and M is a cation such asammonium, alkanolamines, such as triethanolamine, monovalent metals,such as sodium and potassium, and polyvalent metal cations, such asmagnesium, and calcium.

[0053] Preferably, R has from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, morepreferably from about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms, even more preferablyfrom about 12 to about 14 carbon atoms, in both the alkyl and alkylether sulfates. The alkyl ether sulfates are typically made ascondensation products of ethylene oxide and monohydric alcohols havingfrom about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms. The alcohols can be synthetic orthey can be derived from fats, e.g., coconut oil, palm kernel oil,tallow. Lauryl alcohol and straight chain alcohols derived from coconutoil or palm kernel oil are preferred. Such alcohols are reacted withbetween about 0 and about 10, preferably from about 2 to about 5, morepreferably about 3, molar proportions of ethylene oxide, and theresulting mixture of molecular species having, for example, an averageof 3 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, is sulfated andneutralized.

[0054] Other suitable anionic detersive surfactants are thewater-soluble salts of organic, sulfuric acid reaction productsconforming to the formula [R¹—SO₃—M] where R¹ is a straight or branchedchain, saturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from about 8 toabout 24, preferably about 10 to about 18, carbon atoms; and M is acation described hereinbefore.

[0055] Still other suitable anionic detersive surfactants are thereaction products of fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid andneutralized with sodium hydroxide where, for example, the fatty acidsare derived from coconut oil or palm kernel oil; sodium or potassiumsalts of fatty acid amides of methyl tauride in which the fatty acids,for example, are derived from coconut oil or palm kernel oil. Othersimilar anionic surfactants are described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,486,921;U.S. Pat. No. 2,486,922; and U.S. Pat. No. 2,396,278, U.S. Pat. No.3,332,880 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,756,436 (Royce et al.) which descriptionsare incorporated herein by reference.

[0056] Preferred anionic detersive surfactants for use in the shampoocompositions include ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate,triethylamine lauryl sulfate, triethylamine laureth sulfate,triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine laureth sulfate,monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine laureth sulfate,diethanolamine lauryl sulfate, diethanolamine laureth sulfate, lauricmonoglyceride sodium sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laurethsulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, potassium laureth sulfate, sodiumlauryl sarcosinate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, lauryl sarcosine, cocoylsarcosine, ammonium cocoyl sulfate, ammonium lauroyl sulfate, sodiumcocoyl sulfate, sodium lauroyl sulfate, potassium cocoyl sulfate,potassium lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate,triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine cocoyl sulfate,monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, sodium tridecyl benzene sulfonate,sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, and combinations thereof.

[0057] Suitable amphoteric or zwitterionic detersive surfactants for usein the shampoo composition herein include those which are known for usein hair care or other personal care cleansing composition, and whichcontain a group that is anionic at the pH of the shampoo composition.Concentration of such amphoteric detersive surfactants preferably rangesfrom about 0.5% to about 20%, preferably from about 1% to about 10%, byweight of the composition. Non limiting examples of suitablezwitterionic or amphoteric surfactants are described in U.S. Pat. No.5,104,646 (Bolich Jr. et al.), U.S. Pat. No. 5,106,609 (Bolich Jr. etal.), which descriptions are incorporated herein by reference.

[0058] Amphoteric detersive surfactants suitable for use in the shampoocomposition are well known in the art, and include those surfactantsbroadly described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiaryamines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight or branched chainand wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 toabout 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water solubilizinggroup such as carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.

[0059] Zwitterionic detersive surfactants suitable for use in theshampoo composition are well known in the art, and include thosesurfactants broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic quaternaryammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds, in which the aliphaticradicals can be straight or branched chain, and wherein one of thealiphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atomsand one contains an anionic group such as carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate,phosphate or phosphonate. Zwitterionics such as betaines are preferred.

[0060] The shampoo compositions of the present invention may furthercomprise additional surfactants for use in combination with the anionicdetersive surfactant component described hereinbefore. Suitable optionalsurfactants include nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, andcombinations thereof. Any such surfactant known in the art for use inhair or personal care products may be used, provided that the optionaladditional surfactant is also chemically and physically compatible withthe essential components of the shampoo composition, or does nototherwise unduly impair product performance, aesthetics or stability.The concentration of the optional additional surfactants in the shampoocomposition may vary with the cleansing or lather performance desired,the optional surfactant selected, the desired product concentration, thepresence of other components in the composition, and other factors wellknown in the art.

[0061] Non limiting examples of other anionic, zwitterionic, amphotericor optional additional surfactants suitable for use in the shampoocompositions are described in McCutcheon's, Emulsifiers and Detergents,1989 Annual, published by M. C. Publishing Co., and U.S. Pat. No.3,929,678, U.S. Pat. No. 2,658,072; U.S. Pat. No. 2,438,091; U.S. Pat.No. 2,528,378, which descriptions are incorporated herein by reference.

[0062] Synthetic Cationic Polymer

[0063] The shampoo compositions of the present invention comprisecertain cationic deposition or conditioning polymers that, incombination with the anionic surfactant component and other essentialcomponents herein, form polymeric liquid crystals. The polymers can beformulated in a stable shampoo composition that provides improvedconditioning performance when formulated without additional conditioningactives, and also provides improved deposition of the conditioning agentparticles (described herein) onto hair. The cationic synthetic polymermay be formed from

[0064] i) one or more cationic monomer units, and optionally

[0065] ii) one or more momomer units bearing a terminal negative charge,and/or

[0066] iii) a functional nonionic momomer,

[0067] wherein the subsequent charge of the copolymer is positive. Theratio of the three types of monomers is given by m, p and q where m isthe number of cationic monomers, p the number of momomers bearing aterminal negative charge and q is the number of functional nonionicmomomers.

[0068] The synthetic cationic polymers suitable for use in the shampoocomposition herein are water soluble or dispersible, non crosslinked,cationic polymers having the following structure:

[0069] Where A, may be one or more of the following cationic moieties:

[0070] Where @=amido, alkylamido, ester, ether, alkyl or alkylaryl.

[0071] Where Y═C1-C22 alkyl, alkoxy, alkylidene, alkyl or aryloxy

[0072] Where Ψ=C1-C22 alkyl, alkyloxy, alkyl aryl or alkyl aryloxy

[0073] Where Z=C1-C22 alkyl, alkyloxy, aryl or aryloxy

[0074] Where R1=H, C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl

[0075] Where s=0 or 1, n=0 or >1

[0076] Where T and R7=C1-C22 alkyl

[0077] Where X⁻=halogen, hydroxide, alkoxide, sulfate or alkylsulfate

[0078] Examples of cationic monomers consist of aminoalkyl(meth)acrylates, (meth)aminoalkyl (meth)acrylamides; monomers comprisingat least one secondary, tertiary or quaternary amine function, or aheterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, vinylamine orethylenimine; diallyldialkyl ammonium salts; their mixtures, theirsalts, and macromonomers deriving from therefrom.

[0079] Further examples of cationic monomers include dimethylaminoethyl(meth)acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylate,ditertiobutylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminomethyl(meth)acrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylamide; ethylenimine,vinylamine, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine; trimethylammonium ethyl(meth)acrylate chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate methylsulphate, dimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl chloride,4-benzoylbenzyl dimethylammonium ethyl acrylate chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamido chloride, trimethyl ammonium propyl(meth)acrylamido chloride, vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride,diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride.

[0080] Preferred cationic monomers comprise quaternary ammonium group offormula —NR₃ ⁺, wherein R, which is identical or different, represents ahydrogen atom, an alkyl group comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or abenzyl group, optionally carrying a hydroxyl group, and comprise ananion (counter-ion). Examples of anions are halides such as chloride andbromides, sulphates, hydrosulphates, alkylsulphates (for examplecomprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms), phosphates, citrates, formates, andacetates.

[0081] Preferred cationic monomers include trimethylammonium ethyl(meth)acrylate chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate methylsulphate, dimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl chloride,4-benzoylbenzyl dimethylammonium ethyl acrylate chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamido chloride, trimethyl ammonium propyl(meth)acrylamido chloride, vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.

[0082] More preferred cationic monomers include trimethyl ammoniumpropyl (meth)acrylamido chloride.

[0083] Where the monomer bearing a terminal negative charge is definedby R2′=H, C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl and R3 as:

[0084] Where D=electronegative element chosen between oxygen, nitrogen,sulfur

[0085] Where Q=NH2 or 0

[0086] Where u=1-6

[0087] Where t=0-1

[0088] J=oxygenated functional group containing the following elementsP, S, C

[0089] Examples of monomers bearing a terminal negative charge includealpha ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising a phosphate orphosphonate group, alpha ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids,monoalkylesters of alpha ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids,monoalkylamides of alpha ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids,alpha ethylenically unsaturated compounds comprising a sulphonic acidgroup, and salts of alpha ethylenically unsaturated compounds comprisinga sulphonic acid group.

[0090] Preferred monomers with a terminal negative charge includeacrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl sulphonic acid, salts of vinylsulfonic acid, vinylbenzene sulphonic acid, salts of vinylbenzenesulphonic acid, alpha-acrylamidomethylpropanesulphonic acid, salts ofalpha-acrylamidomethylpropanesulphonic acid, 2-sulphoethyl methacrylate,salts of 2-sulphoethyl methacrylate, acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonicacid (AMPS), salts of acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid, andstyrenesulphonate (SS).

[0091] Where the functional nonionic monomer is defined by R2″=H, C1-C4linear or branched alkyl, R6=linear or branched alkyl, alkyl aryl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, alkylaryl oxy and , is defined as

[0092] Where G′ and G″=O, S or N—H and L=0 or 1.

[0093] Examples of such nonionic monomers include vinyl acetate, amidesof alpha ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, esters of an alphaethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with an hydrogenated orfluorinated alcohol, polyethylene oxide (meth)acrylate (i.e.polyethoxylated (meth)acrylic acid), monoalkylesters of alphaethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, monoalkylamides of alphaethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, vinyl nitriles, vinylamineamides, vinyl alcohol, vinyl pyrolidone, and vinyl aromatic compounds.

[0094] Preferred nonionic monomers include styrene, acrylamide,methacrylamide, acrylonitrile, methylacrylate, ethylacrylate,n-propylacrylate, n-butylacrylate, methylmethacrylate,ethylmethacrylate, n-propylmethacrylate, n-butylmethacrylate,2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate, 2-ethyl-hexyl methacrylate,2-hydroxyethylacrylate and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate.

[0095] The concentration of the cationic polymer in the shampoocomposition ranges about 0.025% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.1%to about 3%, more preferably from about 0.2% to about 1%, by weight ofthe composition.

[0096] The anionic counterion (X⁻) in association with the cationicconditioning polymers may be any known counterion so long as thepolymers remain soluble or dispersible in water, in the shampoocomposition, or in a coacervate phase of the shampoo composition, and solong as the counterions are physically and chemically compatible withthe essential components of the shampoo composition or do not otherwiseunduly impair product performance, stability or aesthetics. Non limitingexamples of such counterions include halides (e.g., chlorine, fluorine,bromine, iodine), sulfate and methylsulfate.

[0097] Homopolymer

[0098] The cationic polymer, by definition must contain cationicmonomers and hence m must be greater than 1. However, in the case ofhomopolymers, there is only cationic monomers and hence p and q arezero. The homopolymer has either a cationic charge density of from about2 meq/gm to about 4 meq/gm or a cationic charge density of at least 5meq/gm or an average molecular weight of at at least 500,000.

[0099] Highly preferred synthetic cationic hompolymers have high chargedensities of from about 5 meq/gm to about 10 meq/gm. Other highlypreferred synthetic cationic homopolymers have high charge densities offrom about 7 meq/gm to about 10 meq/gm. The following structures arehighly preferred synthetic cationic homopolymers. In the case of R1=CH3,the charge density is 5.60 when n=1.

[0100] (Methacryloamidopropyl-pentamethyl-1,3-propylene-2-ol-ammoniumdichloride example 6), in the case or R1=CH3, the charge density is 6.07when n=2(N,N,N,N′,N′,N″,N″-heptamethyl-N″-3-(1-oxo-2-methyl-2-propenyl)aminopropyl-9-oxo-8-azo-decane-1,4,10-triammoniumtrichloride. example 7) and in the case of R1=H, the charge density is4.88 when n=0 (example 8).

[0101] Another class of highly preferred homopolymers have an averagemolecular weight of about 500,000 to about 5 million, preferably fromabout 500,000 to about 2,000,000, and more preferably from about 750,000to about 1,250,000. A highly preferred homopolymer conforms to thefollowing structure (Examples 1-5):

[0102] wherein R¹ is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; each of R², R³ and R⁴are independently hydrogen or a short chain alkyl having from about 1 toabout 8 carbon atoms, preferably from about 1 to about 5 carbon atoms,more preferably from about 1 to about 2 carbon atoms; n is an integerhaving a value of from about 1 to about 8, preferably from about 1 toabout 4; and X is a counterion. The nitrogen attached to R², R³ and R⁴may be a protonated amine (primary, secondary or tertiary), but ispreferably a quaternary ammonium wherein each of R², R³ and R⁴ are alkylgroups.

[0103] Copolymers

[0104] The copolymer formed from one or more cationic monomer units andone or more momomer units bearing a terminal negative charge or afunctional nonionic momomer, wherein the subsequent charge of thecopolymer is positive. In the case of the preferred copolymers p and/orq are greater than 1. In the case that there are monomers with unitsbearing a terminal negative charge, the overall polymer should bepositive in charge and hence m>p.

[0105] A highly preferred synthetic cationic copolymer has chargedensities of from about 2 meq/gm to about 10 meq/gm, preferably fromabout 3 meq/gm to about 8 meq/gm. Another class of highly preferredcopolymers has an average molecular weight of about 1,000 to about5,000,000, preferably from about 100,000 to about 2,000,000

[0106] Examples of highly preferred copolymers include (these beingexemplified in examples 11-15):

[0107] and (these being further exemplified in examples 16, 17 and 19):

[0108] Where A, may be one or more of the following cationic moieties:

[0109] Where @=amido, alkylamido, ester, ether, alkyl or alkylaryl.

[0110] Where Y═C1-C22 alkyl, alkoxy, alkylidene, alkyl or aryloxy

[0111] Where Ψ=C1-C22 alkyl, alkyloxy, alkyl aryl or alkyl aryloxy

[0112] Where Z=C1-C22 alkyl, alkyloxy, aryl or aryloxy

[0113] Where R1=H, C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl

[0114] Where s=0 or 1, n=0 or >1

[0115] Where T and R7=C1-C22 alkyl

[0116] Where X⁻=halogeno, hydroxide, alkoxide, sulfate or alkylsulfate

[0117] Examples of cationic monomers consist of aminoalkyl(meth)acrylates, (meth)aminoalkyl (meth)acrylamides; monomers comprisingat least one secondary, tertiary or quaternary amine function, or aheterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, vinylamine orethylenimine; diallyldialkyl ammonium salts; their mixtures, theirsalts, and macromonomers deriving from therefrom.

[0118] Further examples of cationic monomers include dimethylaminoethyl(meth)acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylate,ditertiobutylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminomethyl(meth)acrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylamide; ethylenimine,vinylamine, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine; trimethylammonium ethyl(meth)acrylate chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate methylsulphate, dimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl chloride,4-benzoylbenzyl dimethylammonium ethyl acrylate chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamido chloride, trimethyl ammonium propyl(meth)acrylamido chloride, vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride,diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride.

[0119] Preferred cationic monomers comprise quaternary ammonium group offormula —NR₃ ⁺, wherein R, which is identical or different, represents ahydrogen atom, an alkyl group comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or abenzyl group, optionally carrying a hydroxyl group, and comprise ananion (counter-ion). Examples of anions are halides such as chloride andbromides, sulphates, hydrosulphates, alkylsulphates (for examplecomprising 1 to 6 carbon atoms), phosphates, citrates, formates, andacetates.

[0120] Preferred cationic monomers include trimethylammonium ethyl(meth)acrylate chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate methylsulphate, dimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl chloride,4-benzoylbenzyl dimethylammonium ethyl acrylate chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamido chloride, trimethyl ammonium propyl(meth)acrylamido chloride, vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.

[0121] More preferred cationic monomers include trimethyl ammoniumpropyl (meth)acrylamido chloride.

[0122] Where the monomer bearing a terminal negative charge is definedby R2′=H, C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl and R3 as:

[0123] Where D=electronegative element chosen between oxygen, nitrogen,sulfur

[0124] Where Q=NH2 or 0

[0125] Where u=1-6

[0126] Where t=0-1

[0127] J=oxygenated functional group containing the following elementsP, S, C

[0128] Examples of monomers bearing a terminal negative charge includealpha ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising a phosphate orphosphonate group, alpha ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids,monoalkylesters of alpha ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids,monoalkylamides of alpha ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids,alpha ethylenically unsaturated compounds comprising a sulphonic acidgroup, and salts of alpha ethylenically unsaturated compounds comprisinga sulphonic acid group.

[0129] Preferred monomers with a terminal negative charge includeacrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl sulphonic acid, salts of vinylsulfonic acid, vinylbenzene sulphonic acid, salts of vinylbenzenesulphonic acid, alpha-acrylamidomethylpropanesulphonic acid, salts ofalpha-acrylamidomethylpropanesulphonic acid, 2-sulphoethyl methacrylate,salts of 2-sulphoethyl methacrylate, acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonicacid (AMPS), salts of acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid, andstyrenesulphonate (SS).

[0130] Where the functional nonionic monomer is defined by R2″=H, C1-C4linear or branched alkyl, R6=linear or branched alkyl, alkyl aryl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, alkylaryl oxy and V is defined as

[0131] Where G′ and G″=O, S or N—H and L=0 or 1.

[0132] Examples of such nonionic monomers include vinyl acetate, amidesof alpha ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, esters of an alphaethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with an hydrogenated orfluorinated alcohol, polyethylene oxide (meth)acrylate (i.e.polyethoxylated (meth)acrylic acid), monoalkylesters of alphaethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, monoalkylamides of alphaethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, vinyl nitriles, vinylamineamides, vinyl alcohol, vinyl pyrolidone, and vinyl aromatic compounds.

[0133] Preferred nonionic monomers include styrene, acrylamide,methacrylamide, acrylonitrile, methylacrylate, ethylacrylate,n-propylacrylate, n-butylacrylate, methylmethacrylate,ethylmethacrylate, n-propylmethacrylate, n-butylmethacrylate,2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate, 2-ethyl-hexyl methacrylate,2-hydroxyethylacrylate and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate.

[0134] Aqueous Carrier

[0135] The compositions of the present invention are typically in theform of pourable liquids (under ambient conditions). The compositionswill therefore typically comprise an aqueous carrier, which is presentat a level of from about 20% to about 95%, preferably from about 60% toabout 85%, by weight of the compositions. The aqueous carrier maycomprise water, or a miscible mixture of water and organic solvent, butpreferably comprises water with minimal or no significant concentrationsof organic solvent, except as otherwise incidentally incorporated intothe composition as minor ingredients of other essential or optionalcomponents.

[0136] Optional Components

[0137] Conditioning Agent

[0138] Conditioning agents include any material which is used to give aparticular conditioning benefit to hair and/or skin. In hair treatmentcompositions, suitable conditioning agents are those which deliver oneor more benefits relating to shine, softness, combability, antistaticproperties, wet-handling, damage, manageability, body, and greasiness.The conditioning agents useful in the personal cleansing compositions ofthe present invention typically comprise a water insoluble, waterdispersible, non-volatile, liquid that forms emulsified, liquidparticles or are solubilized by the surfactant micelles, in the anionicdetersive surfactant component (described above). Suitable conditioningagents for use in the personal cleansing composition are thoseconditioning agents characterized generally as silicones (e.g. siliconeoils, cationic silicones, silicone gums, high refractive silicones, andsilicone resins), organic conditioning oils (e.g. hydrocarbon oils,polyolefins, and fatty esters) or combinations thereof, or thoseconditioning agents which otherwise form liquid, dispersed, particles inthe aqueous surfactant matrix herein. Such conditioning agents should bephysically and chemically compatible with the essential components ofthe composition, and should not otherwise unduly impair productstability, aesthetics or performance.

[0139] The concentration of the conditioning agent in the personalcleansing composition should be sufficient to provide the desiredconditioning benefits, and as will be apparent to one of ordinary skillin the art. Such concentration can vary with the conditioning agent, theconditioning performance desired, the average size of the conditioningagent particles, the type and concentration of other components, andother like factors.

[0140] 1. Silicones

[0141] The conditioning agent of the personal cleansing compositions ofthe present invention is preferably an insoluble silicone conditioningagent. The silicone conditioning agent particles may comprise volatilesilicone, non-volatile silicone, or combinations thereof. Preferred arenon-volatile silicone conditioning agents. If volatile silicones arepresent, it will typically be incidental to their use as a solvent orcarrier for commercially available forms of non-volatile siliconematerials ingredients, such as silicone gums and resins. The siliconeconditioning agent particles may comprise a silicone fluid conditioningagent and may also comprise other ingredients, such as a silicone resinto improve silicone fluid deposition efficiency or enhance glossiness ofthe hair (especially when high refractive index (e.g. above about 1.46)silicone conditioning agents are used (e.g. highly phenylatedsilicones).

[0142] The concentration of the silicone conditioning agent typicallyranges from about 0.01% to about 10%, by weight of the composition,preferably from about 0.1% to about 8%, more preferably from about 0.1%to about 5%, more preferably from about 0.2% to about 3%. Non-limitingexamples of suitable silicone conditioning agents, and optionalsuspending agents for the silicone, are described in U.S. Reissue Pat.No. 34,584, U.S. Pat. No. 5,104,646, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,106,609, whichdescriptions are incorporated herein by reference. The siliconeconditioning agents for use in the personal cleansing compositions ofthe present invention preferably have a viscosity, as measured at 25°C., from about 20 to about 2,000,000 centistokes (“csk”), morepreferably from about 1,000 to about 1,800,000 csk, even more preferablyfrom about 50,000 to about 1,500,000 csk, more preferably from about100,000 to about 1,500,000 csk.

[0143] The dispersed silicone conditioning agent particles typicallyhave a volume average particle diameter ranging from about 5 μm to about125 μm. For small particle application to hair, the volume averageparticle diameters typically range from about 0.01 μm to about 4 μm,preferably from about 0.01 μm to about 2 μm, more preferably from about0.01 μm to about 0.5 μm. For larger particle application to hair, thevolume average particle diameters typically range from about 5 μm toabout 125 μm, preferably from about 10 μm to about 90 μm, morepreferably from about 15 μm to about 70 μm, more preferably from about20 μm to about 50 μm.

[0144] Background material on silicones including sections discussingsilicone fluids, gums, and resins, as well as manufacture of silicones,are found in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, vol. 15,2d ed., pp 204-308, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1989), incorporated hereinby reference.

[0145] a. Silicone Oils

[0146] Silicone fluids include silicone oils, which are flowablesilicone materials having a viscosity, as measured at 25° C., less than1,000,000 csk, preferably from about 5 csk to about 1,000,000 csk, morepreferably from about 10 csk to about 100,000 csk. Suitable siliconeoils for use in the personal cleansing compositions of the presentinvention include polyalkyl siloxanes, polyaryl siloxanes, polyalkylarylsiloxanes, polyether siloxane copolymers, and mixtures thereof. Otherinsoluble, non-volatile silicone fluids having hair conditioningproperties may also be used.

[0147] Silicone oils include polyalkyl or polyaryl siloxanes whichconform to the following Formula (I):

[0148] wherein R is aliphatic, preferably alkyl or alkenyl, or aryl, Rcan be substituted or unsubstituted, and x is an integer from 1 to about8,000. Suitable unsubstituted R groups for use in the personal cleansingcompositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to:alkoxy, aryloxy, alkaryl, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, alkamino, andether-substituted, hydroxyl-substituted, and halogen-substitutedaliphatic and aryl groups. Suitable R groups also include cationicamines and quaternary ammonium groups.

[0149] Preferred alkyl and alkenyl substituents are C₁ to C₅ alkyls andalkenyls, more preferably from C₁ to C₄, more preferably from C₁ to C₂.The aliphatic portions of other alkyl-, alkenyl-, or alkynyl-containinggroups (such as alkoxy, alkaryl, and alkamino) can be straight orbranched chains, and are preferably from C₁ to C₅, more preferably fromC₁ to C₄, even more preferably from C₁ to C₃, more preferably from C₁ toC₂. As discussed above, the R substituents can also contain aminofunctionalities (e.g. alkamino groups), which can be primary, secondaryor tertiary amines or quaternary ammonium. These include mono-, di- andtri-alkylamino and alkoxyamino groups, wherein the aliphatic portionchain length is preferably as described above.

[0150] b. Cationic Silicones

[0151] Cationic silicone fluids suitable for use in the personalcleansing compositions of the present invention include, but are notlimited to, those which conform to the general formula (II):

(R₁)_(a)G_(3−a)-Si—(—OSiG₂)_(n)-(—OSiG_(b)(R₁)_(2−b))_(m)—O—SiG_(3−a)(R₁)_(a)

[0152] wherein G is hydrogen, phenyl, hydroxy, or C₁-C₈ alkyl,preferably methyl; a is 0 or an integer having a value from 1 to 3,preferably 0; b is 0 or 1, preferably 1; n is a number from 0 to 1,999,preferably from 49 to 149; m is an integer from 1 to 2,000, preferablyfrom 1 to 10; the sum of n and m is a number from 1 to 2,000, preferablyfrom 50 to 500; R₁ is a monovalent radical conforming to the generalformula CqH_(2q)L, wherein q is an integer having a value from 2 to 8and L is selected from the following groups:

—N(R₂)CH₂—CH₂—N(R₂)₂

—N(R₂)₂

—N(R₂)₃A⁻

—N(R₂)CH₂—CH₂—NR₂H₂A⁻

[0153] wherein R₂ is hydrogen, phenyl, benzyl, or a saturatedhydrocarbon radical, preferably an alkyl radical from about C₁ to aboutC₂₀, and A⁻ is a halide ion.

[0154] An especially preferred cationic silicone corresponding toformula (II) is the polymer known as “trimethylsilylamodimethicone”,which is shown below in formula (III):

[0155] Other silicone cationic polymers which may be used in thepersonal cleansing compositions of the present invention are representedby the general formula (IV):

[0156] wherein R³ is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical from C₁ to C₁₈,preferably an alkyl or alkenyl radical, such as methyl; R₄ is ahydrocarbon radical, preferably a C₁ to C₁₈ alkylene radical or a C₁₀ toC₁₈ alkyleneoxy radical, more preferably a C₁ to C₈ alkyleneoxy radical;Q⁻ is a halide ion, preferably chloride; r is an average statisticalvalue from 2 to 20, preferably from 2 to 8; s is an average statisticalvalue from 20 to 200, preferably from 20 to 50. A preferred polymer ofthis class is known as UCARE SILICONE ALE 56™, available from UnionCarbide.

[0157] c. Silicone Gums

[0158] Other silicone fluids suitable for use in the personal cleansingcompositions of the present invention are the insoluble silicone gums.These gums are polyorganosiloxane materials having a viscosity, asmeasured at 25° C., of greater than or equal to 1,000,000 csk. Siliconegums are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,152,416; Noll and Walter,Chemistry and Technology of Silicones, New York: Academic Press (1968);and in General Electric Silicone Rubber Product Data Sheets SE 30, SE33, SE 54 and SE 76, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.The silicone gums will typically have a weight average molecular weightin excess of about 200,000, preferably from about 200,000 to about1,000,000. Specific non-limiting examples of silicone gums for use inthe personal cleansing compositions of the present invention includepolydimethylsiloxane, (polydimethylsiloxane) (methylvinylsiloxane)copolymer, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (diphenylsiloxane)(methylvinylsiloxane) copolymer and mixtures thereof.

[0159] d. High Refractive Index Silicones

[0160] Other non-volatile, insoluble silicone fluid conditioning agentsthat are suitable for use in the personal cleansing compositions of thepresent invention are those known as “high refractive index silicones,”having a refractive index of at least about 1.46, preferably at leastabout 1.48, more preferably at least about 1.52, more preferably atleast about 1.55. The refractive index of the polysiloxane fluid willgenerally be less than about 1.70, typically less than about 1.60. Inthis context, polysiloxane “fluid” includes oils as well as gums.

[0161] The high refractive index polysiloxane fluid includes thoserepresented by general Formula (I) above, as well as cyclicpolysiloxanes such as those represented by Formula (V) below:

[0162] wherein R is as defined above, and n is a number from about 3 toabout 7, preferably from about 3 to about 5.

[0163] The high refractive index polysiloxane fluids contain an amountof aryl-containing R substituents sufficient to increase the refractiveindex to the desired level, which is described above. Additionally, Rand n must be selected so that the material is non-volatile.

[0164] Aryl-containing substituents include those which containalicyclic and heterocyclic five and six member aryl rings and thosewhich contain fused five or six member rings. The aryl rings themselvescan be substituted or unsubstituted.

[0165] Generally, the high refractive index polysiloxane fluids willhave a degree of aryl-containing substituents of at least about 15%,preferably at least about 20%, more preferably at least about 25%, evenmore preferably at least about 35%, more preferably at least about 50%.Typically, the degree of aryl substitution will be less than about 90%,more generally less than about 85%, preferably from about 55% to about80%.

[0166] Preferred high refractive index polysiloxane fluids have acombination of phenyl or phenyl derivative substituents (more preferablyphenyl), with alkyl substituents, preferably C₁-C₄ alkyl (morepreferably methyl), hydroxy, or C₁-C₄ alkylamino (especially —R¹NHR²NH2wherein each R¹ and R² independently is a C₁-C₃ alkyl, alkenyl, and/oralkoxy).

[0167] When high refractive index silicones are used in the personalcleansing compositions of the present invention, they are preferablyused in solution with a spreading agent, such as a silicone resin or asurfactant, to reduce the surface tension by a sufficient amount toenhance spreading and thereby enhance the glossiness (subsequent todrying) of hair treated with the compositions.

[0168] Silicone fluids suitable for use in the personal cleansingcompositions of the present invention are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.2,826,551, U.S. Pat. No. 3,964,500, U.S. Pat. No. 4,364,837, BritishPat. No. 849,433, and Silicon Compounds, Petrarch Systems, Inc. (1984),all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0169] e. Silicone Resins

[0170] Silicone resins may be included in the silicone conditioningagent of the personal cleansing compositions of the present invention.These resins are highly cross-linked polymeric siloxane systems. Thecross-linking is introduced through the incorporation of trifunctionaland tetrafunctional silanes with monofunctional or difunctional, orboth, silanes during manufacture of the silicone resin.

[0171] Silicone materials and silicone resins in particular, canconveniently be identified according to a shorthand nomenclature systemknown to those of ordinary skill in the art as “MDTQ” nomenclature.Under this system, the silicone is described according to presence ofvarious siloxane monomer units which make up the silicone. Briefly, thesymbol M denotes the monofunctional unit (CH₃)₃SiO_(0.5); D denotes thedifunctional unit (CH₃)₂SiO; T denotes the trifunctional unit(CH₃)SiO_(1.5); and Q denotes the quadra- or tetra-functional unit SiO₂.Primes of the unit symbols (e.g. M′, D′, T′, and Q′) denote substituentsother than methyl, and must be specifically defined for each occurrence.

[0172] Preferred silicone resins for use in the personal cleansingcompositions of the present invention include, but are not limited toMQ, MT, MTQ, MDT and MDTQ resins. Methyl is a preferred siliconesubstituent. Especially preferred silicone resins are MQ resins, whereinthe M:Q ratio is from about 0.5:1.0 to about 1.5:1.0 and the averagemolecular weight of the silicone resin is from about 1000 to about10,000.

[0173] The weight ratio of the non-volatile silicone fluid, havingrefractive index below 1.46, to the silicone resin component, when used,is preferably from about 4:1 to about 400:1, more preferably from about9:1 to about 200:1, more preferably from about 19:1 to about 100:1,particularly when the silicone fluid component is a polydimethylsiloxanefluid or a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane fluid andpolydimethylsiloxane gum as described above. Insofar as the siliconeresin forms a part of the same phase in the compositions hereof as thesilicone fluid, i.e. the conditioning active, the sum of the fluid andresin should be included in determining the level of siliconeconditioning agent in the composition.

[0174] 2. Organic Conditioning Oils

[0175] The conditioning component of the personal cleansing compositionsof the present invention may also comprise from about 0.05% to about 3%,by weight of the composition, preferably from about 0.08% to about 1.5%,more preferably from about 0.1% to about 1%, of at least one organicconditioning oil as the conditioning agent, either alone or incombination with other conditioning agents, such as the silicones(described above).

[0176] a. Hydrocarbon Oils

[0177] Suitable organic conditioning oils for use as conditioning agentsin the personal cleansing compositions of the present invention include,but are not limited to, hydrocarbon oils having at least about 10 carbonatoms, such as cyclic hydrocarbons, straight chain aliphatichydrocarbons (saturated or unsaturated), and branched chain aliphatichydrocarbons (saturated or unsaturated), including polymers and mixturesthereof. Straight chain hydrocarbon oils preferably are from about C₁₂to about C₁₉. Branched chain hydrocarbon oils, including hydrocarbonpolymers, typically will contain more than 19 carbon atoms.

[0178] Specific non-limiting examples of these hydrocarbon oils includeparaffin oil, mineral oil, saturated and unsaturated dodecane, saturatedand unsaturated tridecane, saturated and unsaturated tetradecane,saturated and unsaturated pentadecane, saturated and unsaturatedhexadecane, polybutene, polydecene, and mixtures thereof. Branched-chainisomers of these compounds, as well as of higher chain lengthhydrocarbons, can also be used, examples of which include highlybranched, saturated or unsaturated, alkanes such as thepermethyl-substituted isomers, e.g., the permethyl-substituted isomersof hexadecane and eicosane, such as 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6, 8,8-dimethyl-10-methylundecane and 2, 2, 4, 4, 6,6-dimethyl-8-methylnonane, available from Permethyl Corporation.Hydrocarbon polymers such as polybutene and polydecene. A preferredhydrocarbon polymer is polybutene, such as the copolymer of isobutyleneand butene. A commercially available material of this type is L-14polybutene from Amoco Chemical Corporation.

[0179] b. Polyolefins

[0180] Organic conditioning oils for use in the personal cleansingcompositions of the present invention can also include liquidpolyolefins, more preferably liquid poly-α-olefins, more preferablyhydrogenated liquid poly-α-olefins. Polyolefins for use herein areprepared by polymerization of C₄ to about C₁₄ olefenic monomers,preferably from about C₆ to about C₁₂.

[0181] Non-limiting examples of olefenic monomers for use in preparingthe polyolefin liquids herein include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene,1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene,branched chain isomers such as 4-methyl-1-pentene, and mixtures thereof.Also suitable for preparing the polyolefin liquids are olefin-containingrefinery feedstocks or effluents. Preferred hydrogenated α-olefinmonomers include, but are not limited to: 1-hexene to 1-hexadecenes,1-octene to 1-tetradecene, and mixtures thereof.

[0182] c. Fatty Esters

[0183] Other suitable organic conditioning oils for use as theconditioning agent in the personal cleansing compositions of the presentinvention include, but are not limited to, fatty esters having at least10 carbon atoms. These fatty esters include esters with hydrocarbylchains derived from fatty acids or alcohols (e.g. mono-esters,polyhydric alcohol esters, and di- and tri-carboxylic acid esters). Thehydrocarbyl radicals of the fatty esters hereof may include or havecovalently bonded thereto other compatible functionalities, such asamides and alkoxy moieties (e.g., ethoxy or ether linkages, etc.).

[0184] Specific examples of preferred fatty esters include, but are notlimited to: isopropyl isostearate, hexyl laurate, isohexyl laurate,isohexyl palmitate, isopropyl palmitate, decyl oleate, isodecyl oleate,hexadecyl stearate, decyl stearate, isopropyl isostearate, dihexyldecyladipate, lauryl lactate, myristyl lactate, cetyl lactate, oleylstearate, oleyl oleate, oleyl myristate, lauryl acetate, cetylpropionate, and oleyl adipate.

[0185] Other fatty esters suitable for use in the personal cleansingcompositions of the present invention are mono-carboxylic acid esters ofthe general formula R′COOR, wherein R′ and R are alkyl or alkenylradicals, and the sum of carbon atoms in R′ and R is at least 10,preferably at least 22.

[0186] Still other fatty esters suitable for use in the personalcleansing compositions of the present invention are di- and tri-alkyland alkenyl esters of carboxylic acids, such as esters of C₄ to C₈dicarboxylic acids (e.g. C₁ to C₂₂ esters, preferably C, to C₆, ofsuccinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid,). Specific non-limitingexamples of di- and tri-alkyl and alkenyl esters of carboxylic acidsinclude isocetyl stearyol stearate, diisopropyl adipate, and tristearylcitrate.

[0187] Other fatty esters suitable for use in the personal cleansingcompositions of the present invention are those known as polyhydricalcohol esters. Such polyhydric alcohol esters include alkylene glycolesters, such as ethylene glycol mono and di-fatty acid esters,diethylene glycol mono- and di-fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycolmono- and di-fatty acid esters, propylene glycol mono- and di-fatty acidesters, polypropylene glycol monooleate, polypropylene glycol 2000monostearate, ethoxylated propylene glycol monostearate, glyceryl mono-and di-fatty acid esters, polyglycerol poly-fatty acid esters,ethoxylated glyceryl monostearate, 1,3-butylene glycol monostearate,1,3-butylene glycol distearate, polyoxyethylene polyol fatty acid ester,sorbitan fatty acid esters, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acidesters.

[0188] Still other fatty esters suitable for use in the personalcleansing compositions of the present invention are glycerides,including, but not limited to, mono-, di-, and tri-glycerides,preferably di- and tri-glycerides, more preferably triglycerides. Foruse in the personal cleansing compositions described herein, theglycerides are preferably the mono-, di-, and tri-esters of glycerol andlong chain carboxylic acids, such as C₁₀ to C₂₂ carboxylic acids. Avariety of these types of materials can be obtained from vegetable andanimal fats and oils, such as castor oil, safflower oil, cottonseed oil,corn oil, olive oil, cod liver oil, almond oil, avocado oil, palm oil,sesame oil, lanolin and soybean oil. Synthetic oils include, but are notlimited to, triolein and tristearin glyceryl dilaurate.

[0189] Other fatty esters suitable for use in the personal cleansingcompositions of the present invention are water insoluble syntheticfatty esters. Some preferred synthetic esters conform to the generalFormula (VI):

[0190] wherein R′ is a C₇ to C₉ alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl orhydroxyalkenyl group, preferably a saturated alkyl group, morepreferably a saturated, linear, alkyl group; n is a positive integerhaving a value from 2 to 4, preferably 3; and Y is an alkyl, alkenyl,hydroxy or carboxy substituted alkyl or alkenyl, having from about 2 toabout 20 carbon atoms, preferably from about 3 to about 14 carbon atoms.Other preferred synthetic esters conform to the general Formula (VII):

[0191] wherein R² is a C₈ to C₁₀ alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyalkyl orhydroxyalkenyl group; preferably a saturated alkyl group, morepreferably a saturated, linear, alkyl group; n and Y are as definedabove in Formula (VII).

[0192] Specific non-limiting examples of suitable synthetic fatty estersfor use in the personal cleansing compositions of the present inventioninclude: P-43 (C₈-C₁₀ triester of trimethylolpropane), MCP-684(tetraester of 3,3 diethanol-1,5 pentadiol), MCP 121 (C₈-C₁₀ diester ofadipic acid), all of which are available from Mobil Chemical Company.

[0193] 3. Other Conditioning Agents

[0194] Also suitable for use in the compositions herein are theconditioning agents described by the Procter & Gamble Company in U.S.Pat. Nos. 5,674,478, and 5,750,122, both of which are incorporatedherein in their entirety by reference. Also suitable for use herein arethose conditioning agents described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,529,586(Clairol), 4,507,280 (Clairol), 4,663,158 (Clairol), 4,197,865(L'Oreal), 4,217, 914 (L'Oreal), 4,381,919 (L'Oreal), and 4,422, 853(L'Oreal), all of which descriptions are incorporated herein byreference.

[0195] Phase Separation Initiator

[0196] The personal cleansing compositions of the present invention mayfuther comprise a phase separation initiator. By the term “phaseseparation initiators”, as used herein, means electrolytes, amphiphilesor mixtures thereof capable of inducing phase separation when combinedwith compositions comprising an anionic detersive surfactant componentsurfactant system and the synthetic cationic polymer.

[0197] By the term “amphiphile” as used herein, means, generally,substances which contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic (lipophilic)groups. Amphiphiles preferred for use in the present invention are thosewhich generally do not form micelles or liquid crystal phases andinclude, but are not limited to: amides of fatty acids; fatty alcohols;fatty esters, glycol mono- and di-esters of fatty acids; glycerylesters.

[0198] Yet another class of particularly useful amphiphiles arefragrances. Typically “fragrance raw materials” comprise inter aliaalcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, ethers, nitrites, and cyclic andacyclic alkenes such as terpenes. A listing of common “fragrance rawmaterials” can be found in various reference sources, for example,“Perfume and Flavor Chemicals”, Vols. I and II; Steffen ArctanderAllured Pub. Co. (1994), “Perfumes: Art, Science and Technology”;Muller, P. M. and Lamparsky, D., Blackie Academic and Professional(1994) and U.S. Pat. No. 6,087,322 to Morelli et al., incorporatedherein by reference. The phase separation initiator is incorporated inliquid crystals, and is therefore deposited on the hair, giving greaterfragrance longevity to the skin or hair.

[0199] Amides, including alkanol amides, are the condensation productsof fatty acids with primary and secondary amines or alkanolamines toyield products of the general formula:

[0200] wherein RCO is a fatty acid radical and R is C₈₋₂₀; X is analkyl, aromatic or alkanol (CHR′CH₂OH wherein R′ is H or C₁₋₆ alkyl); Yis H, alkyl, alkanol or X. Suitable amides include, but are not limitedto, cocamide, lauramide, oleamide and stearamide. Suitable alkanolamidesinclude, but are not limited to, cocamide DEA, cocamide MEA, cocamideMIPA, isostearamide DEA, isostearamide MEA, isostearamide MIPA,lanolinamide DEA, lauramide DEA, lauramide MEA, lauramide MIPA,linoleamide DEA, linoleamide MEA, linoleamide MIPA, myristamide DEA,myristamide MEA, myristamide MIPA, Oleamide DEA, Oleamide MEA, OleamideMIPA, palmamide DEA, palmamide MEA, palmamide MIPA, palmitamide DEA,palmitamide MEA, palm kernelamide DEA, palm kernelamide MEA, palmkernelamide MIPA, peanutamide MEA, peanutamide MIPA, soyamide DEA,stearamide DEA, stearamide MEA, stearamide MIPA, tallamide DEA,tallowamide DEA, tallowamide MEA, undecylenamide DEA, undecylenamideMEA. The condensation reaction may be carried out with free fatty acidsor with all types of esters of the fatty acids, such as fats and oils,and particularly methyl esters. The reaction conditions and the rawmaterial sources determine the blend of materials in the end product andthe nature of any impurities.

[0201] Fatty alcohols are higher molecular weight, nonvolatile, primaryalcohols having the general formula:

RCH₂OH

[0202] wherein R is a C₈-₂₀ alkyl. They can be produced from naturalfats and oils by reduction of the fatty acid COOH— grouping to thehydroxyl function. Alternatively, identical or similarly structuredfatty alcohols can be produced according to conventional syntheticmethods known in the art. Suitable fatty alcohols include, but are notlimited to, behenyl alcohol, C₉₋₁₁ alcohols, C₁₂₋₁₃ alcohols, C₁₂₋₁₅alcohols, C₁₂₋₁₆ alcohols, C₁₄₋₁₅ alcohols, caprylic alcohol, alcohol,coconut alcohol, decyl alcohol, isocetyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol,lauryl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, palm kernel alcohol, stearyl alcohol,cetyl alcohol, tallow alcohol, tridecyl alcohol or myristyl alcohol.

[0203] Glyceryl esters comprise a subgroup of esters which are primarilyfatty acid mono- and di-glycerides or triglycerides modified by reactionwith other alcohols and the like. Preferred glyceryl esters are mono anddiglycerides. Suitable glyceryl esters and derivatives thereof include,but are not limited to, acetylated hydrogenated tallow glyceride,glyceryl behenate, glyceryl caprate, glyceryl caprylate, glycerylcaprylate/caprate, glyceryl dilaurate, glyceryl dioleate, glycerylerucate, glyceryl hydroxystearate, glyceryl isostearate, glyceryllanolate, glyceryl laurate, glyceryl linoleate, glyceryl oleate,glyceryl stearate, glyceryl myristate, glyceryl distearate and mixturesthereof,

[0204] Also useful as amphiphiles in the present invention are longchain glycol esters or mixtures thereof. Included are ethylene glycolesters of fatty acids having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms.Fatty esters of the formula RCO-OR′ also act as suitable amphiphiles inthe compositions of the present invention, where one of R and R′ is aC₈₋₂₂ alkyl and the other is a C₁₋₃ alkyl.

[0205] The amphiphiles of the present invention may also encompass avariety of surface active compounds such as nonionic and cationicsurfactants. If incorporated into the compositions of the presentinvention, these surface active compounds become additional surfactantsused as amphilphiles for the purpose of initiating phase separation andare separate and apart from the surfactants of the surfactant system andthe alkyl glyceryl sulfonate surfactant of the present invention.

[0206] Amphiphiles preferred for use herein include cocamide MEA, cetylalcohol and stearyl alcohol.

[0207] The amphiphiles of the present invention are preferably presentin the personal cleansing compositions at levels of from 0 to about 4%,preferably from about 0.5% to about 2%.

[0208] Suitable electrolytes include mono-, di- and trivalent inorganicsalts as well as organic salts. Surfactant salts themselves are notincluded in the present electrolyte definition but other salts are.Suitable salts include, but are not limited to, phosphates, sulfates,nitrates, citrates and halides. The counter ions of such salts can be,but are not limited to, sodium, potassium, ammonium, magnesium or othermono-, di and tri valent cation. Electrolytes most preferred for use inthe compositions of the present invention include sodium chloride,ammonium chloride, sodium citrate, and magnesium sulfate. It isrecognized that these salts may serve as thickening aids or bufferingaids in addition to their role as a phase separation initiator. Theamount of the electrolyte used will generally depend on the amount ofthe amphiphile incorporated, but may be used at concentration levels offrom about 0.1% to about 4%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 2%.More preferably, less than 2% of electrolyte is used in the cleansingcomposition of the present invention. Even more preferably, less than 1%of electrolyte is used in the cleansing composition of the presentinvention.

[0209] The amount of phase separation initiator comprising theelectrolyte and/or the amphiphile will vary with the type of surfactantand polymer, but is preferably present at a level of from about 0.1% toabout 5%, more preferably from about 0.1% to about 4%, still morepreferably from about 0.5% to about 4%, and yet more preferably fromabout 1% to about 3%.

[0210] In view of the highly preferred nature and activity of the phaseseparation initiators described above, the compositions of the presentinvention are, preferably, substantially free of materials which wouldprevent the induction or formation of separate, liquid phases. The term“substantially free”, as used here, means that the compositions of thepresent invention contain no more than about 0.5% of such materials,preferably less than 0.25%, more preferably zero. Such materialstypically include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethyl alcohol andthe like.

[0211] The compositions of the present invention are also preferablysubstantially free of other ingredients which unduly minimize theformation of separate and distinct liquid phases, especially ingredientswhich do not provide a significant benefit to the present invention.

[0212] Suspending Agent

[0213] The shampoo compositions of the present invention may furthercomprise a suspending agent at concentrations effective for suspendingthe polymeric liquid crystal or the dispersed particles of a waterinsoluble, conditioning agent, or other water-insoluble, dispersedmaterial in the shampoo compositions. Such concentrations range fromabout 0.1% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.3% to about 5.0%, byweight of the shampoo compositions.

[0214] Suitable suspending agents include crystalline suspending agentsthat can be categorized as acyl derivatives, long chain amine oxides, orcombinations thereof. These suspending agents are described in U.S. Pat.No. 4,741,855, which description is incorporated herein by reference.These preferred suspending agents include ethylene glycol esters offatty acids preferably having from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms.More preferred are the ethylene glycol stearates, both mono anddistearate, but particularly the distearate containing less than about7% of the mono stearate. Other suitable suspending agents includealkanol amides of fatty acids, preferably having from about 16 to about22 carbon atoms, more preferably about 16 to 18 carbon atoms, preferredexamples of which include stearic monoethanolamide, stearicdiethanolamide, stearic monoisopropanolamide and stearicmonoethanolamide stearate. Other long chain acyl derivatives includelong chain esters of long chain fatty acids (e.g., stearyl stearate,cetyl palmitate, etc.); glyceryl esters (e.g., glyceryl distearate) andlong chain esters of long chain alkanol amides (e.g., stearamidediethanolamide distearate, stearamide monoethanolamide stearate). Longchain acyl derivatives, ethylene glycol esters of long chain carboxylicacids, long chain amine oxides, and alkanol amides of long chaincarboxylic acids in addition to the preferred materials listed above maybe used as suspending agents. For example, it is contemplated thatsuspending agents with long chain hydrocarbyls having C₈-C₂₂ chains maybe used.

[0215] Other long chain acyl derivatives suitable for use as suspendingagents include N,N-dihydrocarbyl amido benzoic acid and soluble saltsthereof (e.g., Na, K), particularly N,N-di(hydrogenated) C₁₆, C₁₈ andtallow amido benzoic acid species of this family, which are commerciallyavailable from Stepan Company (Northfield, Ill., USA).

[0216] Examples of suitable long chain amine oxides for use assuspending agents include alkyl (C₁₆-C₂₂) dimethyl amine oxides, e.g.,stearyl dimethyl amine oxide

[0217] Other suitable suspending agents include primary amines having afatty alkyl moiety having at least about 16 carbon atoms, examples ofwhich include palmitamine or stearamine, and secondary amines having twofatty alkyl moieties each having at least about 12 carbon atoms,examples of which include dipalmitoylamine or di(hydrogenatedtallow)amine. Still other suitable suspending agents includedi(hydrogenated tallow)phthalic acid amide, and crosslinked maleicanhydride-methyl vinyl ether copolymer.

[0218] Additional Components

[0219] Dispersed Particles

[0220] The composition of the present invention may include dispersedparticles. In the compositions of the present invention, it ispreferable to incorporate at least 0.025% by weight of the dispersedparticles, more preferably at least 0.05%, still more preferably atleast 0.1%, even more preferably at least 0.25%, and yet more preferablyat least 0.5% by weight of the dispersed particles. In the compositionsof the present invention, it is preferable to incorporate no more thanabout 20% by weight of the dispersed particles, more preferably no morethan about 10%, still more preferably no more than 5%, even morepreferably no more than 3%, and yet more preferably no more than 2% byweight of the dispersed particles.

[0221] Anti-Dandruff Actives

[0222] The compositions of the present invention may also contain ananti-dandruff agent. Suitable, non-limiting examples of anti-dandruffparticulates include: pyridinethione salts, azoles, selenium sulfide,particulate sulfur, and mixtures thereof. Preferred are pyridinethionesalts. Such anti-dandruff particulate should be physically andchemically compatible with the essential components of the composition,and should not otherwise unduly impair product stability, aesthetics orperformance.

[0223] Pyridinethione Salts

[0224] Pyridinethione anti-dandruff particulates, especially1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione salts, are highly preferred particulateanti-dandruff agents for use in compositions of the present invention.The concentration of pyridinethione anti-dandruff particulate typicallyranges from about 0.1% to about 4%, by weight of the composition,preferably from about 0.1% to about 3%, more preferably from about 0.3%to about 2%. Preferred pyridinethione salts include those formed fromheavy metals such as zinc, tin, cadmium, magnesium, aluminum andzirconium, preferably zinc, more preferably the zinc salt of1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione (known as “zinc pyridinethione” or “ZPT”),more preferably 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione salts in platelet particleform, wherein the particles have an average size of up to about 20 μ,preferably up to about 5 μ, more preferably up to about 2.5 μ. Saltsformed from other cations, such as sodium, may also be suitable.Pyridinethione anti-dandruff agents are described, for example, in U.S.Pat. No. 2,809,971; U.S. Pat. No. 3,236,733; U.S. Pat. No. 3,753,196;U.S. Pat. No. 3,761,418; U.S. Pat. No. 4,345,080; U.S. Pat. No.4,323,683; U.S. Pat. No. 4,379,753; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,470,982, all ofwhich are incorporated herein by reference. It is contemplated that whenZPT is used as the anti-dandruff particulate in the compositions herein,that the growth or re-growth of hair may be stimulated or regulated, orboth, or that hair loss may be reduced or inhibited, or that hair mayappear thicker or fuller.

[0225] Other Anti-microbial Actives—In addition to the anti-dandruffactive selected from polyvalent metal salts of pyrithione, the presentinvention may further comprise one or more anti-fungal or anti-microbialactives in addition to the metal pyrithione salt actives. Suitableanti-microbial actives include coal tar, sulfur, whitfield's ointment,castellani's paint, aluminum chloride, gentian violet, octopirox(piroctone olamine), ciclopirox olamine, undecylenic acid and it's metalsalts, potassium permanganate, selenium sulphide, sodium thiosulfate,propylene glycol, oil of bitter orange, urea preparations, griseofulvin,8-Hydroxyquinoline ciloquinol, thiobendazole, thiocarbamates,haloprogin, polyenes, hydroxypyridone, morpholine, benzylamine,allylamines (such as terbinafine), tea tree oil, clove leaf oil,coriander, palmarosa, berberine, thyme red, cinnamon oil, cinnamicaldehyde, citronellic acid, hinokitol, ichthyol pale, Sensiva SC-50,Elestab HP-100, azelaic acid, lyticase, iodopropynyl butylcarbamate(IPBC), isothiazalinones such as octyl isothiazalinone and azoles, andcombinations thereof. Preferred anti-microbials include itraconazole,ketoconazole, selenium sulphide and coal tar.

[0226] Azoles

[0227] Azole anti-microbials include imidazoles such as benzimidazole,benzothiazole, bifonazole, butaconazole nitrate, climbazole,clotrimazole, croconazole, eberconazole, econazole, elubiol,fenticonazole, fluconazole, flutimazole, isoconazole, ketoconazole,lanoconazole, metronidazole, miconazole, neticonazole, omoconazole,oxiconazole nitrate, sertaconazole, sulconazole nitrate, tioconazole,thiazole, and triazoles such as terconazole and itraconazole, andcombinations thereof. When present in the composition, the azoleanti-microbial active is included in an amount from about 0.01% to about5%, preferably from about 0.1% to about 3%, and more preferably fromabout 0.3% to about 2%, by weight of the composition. Especiallypreferred herein is ketoconazole.

[0228] Selenium Sulfide

[0229] Selenium sulfide is a particulate anti-dandruff agent suitablefor use in the anti-microbial compositions of the present invention,effective concentrations of which range from about 0.1% to about 4%, byweight of the composition, preferably from about 0.3% to about 2.5%,more preferably from about 0.5% to about 1.5%. Selenium sulfide isgenerally regarded as a compound having one mole of selenium and twomoles of sulfur, although it may also be a cyclic structure thatconforms to the general formula Se_(x)S_(y), wherein x+y=8. Averageparticle diameters for the selenium sulfide are typically less than15gm, as measured by forward laser light scattering device (e.g. Malvern3600 instrument), preferably less than 10 μm. Selenium sulfide compoundsare described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,694,668; U.S. Pat. No.3,152,046; U.S. Pat. No. 4,089,945; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,885,107, all ofwhich descriptions are incorporated herein by reference.

[0230] Sulfur

[0231] Sulfur may also be used as a particulateanti-microbial/anti-dandruff agent in the anti-microbial compositions ofthe present invention. Effective concentrations of the particulatesulfur are typically from about 1% to about 4%, by weight of thecomposition, preferably from about 2% to about 4%.

[0232] Keratolytic Agents

[0233] The present invention may further comprise one or morekeratolytic agents such as Salicylic Acid.

[0234] Additional anti-microbial actives of the present invention mayinclude extracts of melaleuca (tea tree) and charcoal. The presentinvention may also comprise combinations of anti-microbial actives. Suchcombinations may include octopirox and zinc pyrithione combinations,pine tar and sulfur combinations, salicylic acid and zinc pyrithionecombinations, octopirox and climbasole combinations, and salicylic acidand octopirox combinations, and mixtures thereof.

[0235] Humectant

[0236] The compositions of the present invention may contain ahumectant. The humectants herein are selected from the group consistingof polyhydric alcohols, water soluble alkoxylated nonionic polymers, andmixtures thereof. The humectants, when used herein, are preferably usedat levels by weight of the composition of from about 0.1% to about 20%,more preferably from about 0.5% to about 5%.

[0237] Polyhydric alcohols useful herein include glycerin, sorbitol,propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, ethoxylated glucose,1, 2-hexane diol, hexanetriol, dipropylene glycol, erythritol,trehalose, diglycerin, xylitol, maltitol, maltose, glucose, fructose,sodium chondroitin sulfate, sodium hyaluronate, sodium adenosinephosphate, sodium lactate, pyrrolidone carbonate, glucosamine,cyclodextrin, and mixtures thereof.

[0238] Water soluble alkoxylated nonionic polymers useful herein includepolyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols having a molecular weightof up to about 1000 such as those with CTFA names PEG-200, PEG-400,PEG-600, PEG-1000, and mixtures thereof.

[0239] Other Optional Components

[0240] The compositions of the present invention may contain alsovitamins and amino acids such as: water soluble vitamins such as vitaminB1, B2, B6, B12, C, pantothenic acid, pantothenyl ethyl ether,panthenol, biotin, and their derivatives, water soluble amino acids suchas asparagine, alanin, indole, glutamic acid and their salts, waterinsoluble vitamins such as vitamin A, D, E, and their derivatives, waterinsoluble amino acids such as tyrosine, tryptamine, and their salts.

[0241] The compositions of the present invention may also containpigment materials such as inorganic, nitroso, monoazo, disazo,carotenoid, triphenyl methane, triaryl methane, xanthene, quinoline,oxazine, azine, anthraquinone, indigoid, thionindigoid, quinacridone,phthalocianine, botanical, natural colors, including: water solublecomponents such as those having C. I. Names.

[0242] The compositions of the present invention may also containantimicrobial agents which are useful as cosmetic biocides andantidandruff agents including: water soluble components such aspiroctone olamine, water insoluble components such as3,4,4′-trichlorocarbanilide (trichlosan), triclocarban and zincpyrithione. The compositions of the present invention may also containchelating agents.

[0243] Method of Manufacture

[0244] The compositions of the present invention, in general, may bemade by mixing together at elevated temperature, e.g., about 72.degree.C. water and surfactants along with any solids (e.g. amphiphiles) thatneed to be melted, to speed mixing into the personal cleansingcomposition. The ingredients are mixed thoroughly at the elevatedtemperature and then cooled to ambient temperature. Additionalingredients, including electrolytes, polymers, and particles, may beadded to the cooled product. The silicone may be emulsified at roomtemperature in concentrated surfactant and then added to the cooledproduct.

[0245] Method of Use

[0246] The shampoo compositions of the present invention are used in aconventional manner for cleansing and conditioning hair or skin. Aneffective amount of the composition for cleansing and conditioning thehair or skin is applied to the hair or skin, that has preferably beenwetted with water, and then rinsed off. Such effective amounts generallyrange from about 1 gm to about 50 gm, preferably from about 1 gm toabout 20 gm. Application to the hair typically includes working thecomposition through the hair such that most or all of the hair iscontacted with the composition.

[0247] This method for cleansing and conditioning the hair or skincomprises the steps of: a) wetting the hair or skin with water, b)applying an effective amount of the shampoo composition to the hair orskin, and c) rinsing the applied areas of skin or hair with water. Thesesteps can be repeated as many times as desired to achieve the desiredcleansing and conditioning benefit.

Non-Limiting Examples

[0248] Hompolymers EXAMPLE COMPOSITION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 AmmoniumLaureth Sulfate (AE₃S) 6.50 10.00 6.50 7.5 7.5 Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate(ALS) 8.10 6.00 5.50 6.5 6.5 Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SE₃S) 6.50 6.506.50 6.50 6.50 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) 1.40 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50Sodium Lauroamphoacetate⁽¹⁴⁾ 2.00 2.00 Cocaminopropionic Acid⁽¹⁵⁾ 1.00Cocamidopropyl Betaine⁽¹⁶⁾ 1.00 Cocamide MEA 1.00 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.800.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 Cetyl Alcohol 0.35 0.90 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.600.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 Lauryl Alcohol 0.20 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35Dihydrogenated Tallowamidoethyl 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15Hydroxyethylmonium Methosulfate⁽¹⁷⁾ 1-Propanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-3-0.40⁽¹⁾ 0.50⁽¹⁾ 0.40⁽¹⁾ 0.40⁽¹⁾ 0.40⁽²⁾[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, chloride;(Poly(Methacrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride))^((1,2))Methacryloamidopropyl-pentamethyl- 0.40 1,3-propylene-2-ol-ammoniumdichloride⁽³⁾ N,N,N,N′,N′,N″,N″-heptamethyl-N″-3- 0.40(1-oxo-2-methyl-2- propenyl)aminopropyl-9-oxo-8-azo-decane-1,4,10-triammonium trichloride⁽¹⁸⁾ 1-Propanaminium,N,N,N-trimethyl-3- 0.40 [(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, chloride;(Poly(Acrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride))⁽⁴⁾[3-methacryloylamino)propyl] 0.40 dimethylethylammonium ethylsulfatehomopolymer⁽⁵⁾ [(2- 0.40 methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammoniummethylsulfate homopolymer⁽⁶⁾ Ethylene Glycol Distearate 1.50 1.50 1.501.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 Trihydroxystearin⁽⁷⁾ 0.25 PolyethyleneGlycol (14000)⁽⁸⁾ 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 Fragrance 0.550.70 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 Sodium Chloride 0.30 1.300.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 Ammonium Xylenesulfonate 1.00Citric Acid 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 SodiumCitrate 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 SodiumBenzoate 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 EthyleneDiamine Tetra Acetic Acid 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.100.10 Dimethicone^((9,10,11)) 2.35⁽⁹⁾ 0.50⁽⁹⁾ 2.00⁽¹⁰⁾ 2.00⁽¹¹⁾ 0.80⁽⁹⁾0.80⁽⁹⁾ 0.50⁽⁹⁾ 0.50⁽⁹⁾ Polydecene⁽¹²⁾ 0.40 Trimethylolpropane 0.10Tricaprylate/Tricaprate⁽¹³⁾ Water and Minors (QS to 100%)

[0249] Copolymers EXAMPLE COMPOSITION 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19Ammonium Laureth Sulfate (AE₃S) 10.00 10.00 Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate(ALS) 6.00 6.00 Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SE₃S) 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.506.50 6.50 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50Sodium Lauroamphoacetate⁽¹⁵⁾ 2.00 Cocaminopropionic Acid⁽¹⁶⁾ 1.00Cocamidopropyl Betaine⁽¹⁷⁾ 1.00 Cocamide MEA 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.800.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 Cetyl Alcohol 0.90 0.90 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.600.60 0.60 Lauryl Alcohol 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35Dihydrogenated Tallowamidoethyl 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15Hydroxyethylmonium Methosulfate⁽¹⁸⁾ Trimethylammoniopropylmethacrylamide1.00⁽¹⁾ 0.50⁽²⁾ 0.40⁽³⁾ 0.05⁽²⁾ 0.40⁽²⁾ chloride-N-Hydroxyethyl acrylatecopolymer^((1,2,3)) Trimethylammoniopropylmethacrylamide 0.40⁽⁴⁾ 0.40⁽⁵⁾chloride-N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer^((4,5)) Dimethyldiallyl ammoniumchloride-N-b- 0.40 Hydroxyethyl acrylate copolymer⁽⁶⁾Trimethylammoniopropylmethacrylamide 0.40 chloride-N-Methacrylamidopropyldimethylammonium methylcarboxylate copolymer⁽⁷⁾Ethylene Glycol Distearate 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50Trihydroxystearin⁽⁸⁾ 0.25 Polyethylene Glycol (14000)⁽⁹⁾ 0.17 0.17 0.170.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 Fragrance 0.55 0.70 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.550.55 Sodium Chloride 1.00 1.30 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80Ammonium Xylenesulfonate Citric Acid 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.040.04 0.04 Sodium Citrate 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40Sodium Benzoate 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 EthyleneDiamine Tetra Acetic Acid 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10Dimethicone^((10,11,12)) 1.35⁽¹⁰⁾ 1.00⁽¹⁰⁾ 0.50⁽¹⁰⁾ 0.50⁽¹⁰⁾ 0.50⁽¹⁰⁾0.50⁽¹⁰⁾ 2.00⁽¹¹⁾ 2.00⁽¹²⁾ Polydecene⁽¹³⁾ 0.40 0.40 TrimethylolpropaneTricaprylate/Tricaprate⁽¹⁴⁾ 0.10 0.10 Water and Minors (QS to 100%)

What is claimed is:
 1. A personal cleansing composition comprising: A.from about 5% to about 50% by weight of a detersive surfactant componentselected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, amphotericand zwitterionic surfactants having an attached group that is anionic atthe pH of the composition, and combinations thereof; B. from about0.025% to about 5% by weight of a water soluble or dispersible,cationic, non-crosslinked, conditioning homopolymer having a cationiccharge density of from about 2 meq/gm to about 4 meq/gm or a cationiccharge density of from about 5 meq/gm to about 10 meq/gm; and C. fromabout 20% to about 94% by weight of water.
 2. The personal cleansingcomposition of claim 1 further comprising from about 0.05% to about 5%by weight of dispersed droplets of a water insoluble hair conditioningagent having a volume average droplet diameter of from about 5 micronsto about 125 microns.
 3. The personal cleansing composition of claim 1wherein the cationic charge density of the cationic polymer is fromabout 5 meq/gm to about 10 meq/gm.
 4. The personal cleansing compositionof claim 1 wherein the cationic charge density of the cationic polymeris from about 7 meq/gm to about 10 meq/gm.
 5. The personal cleansingcomposition of claim 1 wherein the cationic polymer has an averagemolecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 5,000,000.
 6. The personalcleansing composition of claim 1 further comprising from about 0.1% toabout 5%, by weight, of a phase separation initiator selected from thegroup consisting of electrolytes, amphiphiles and mixtures thereof. 7.The composition of claim 1 wherein said cationic polymer promotes theformation of a microscopic-phase separation of lyotropic liquid crystalsin said composition; the liquid crystals exhibiting birefringence.
 8. Apersonal cleansing composition according to claim 1 comprising lytropicliquid crystals that aids in the deposition of particles.
 9. A personalcleansing composition comprising: A. from about 5% to about 50% byweight of a detersive surfactant component selected from the groupconsisting of anionic surfactants, amphoteric and zwitterionicsurfactants having an attached group that is anionic at the pH of thecomposition, and combinations thereof; B. from about 0.025% to about 5%by weight of a water soluble or dispersible, cationic, non-crosslinked,conditioning homopolymer having an average molecular weight of fromabout 500,000 to about 5,000,000; and C. from about 20% to about 94% byweight of water.
 10. The personal cleansing composition of claim 9further comprising from about 0.05% to about 5% by weight of disperseddroplets of a water insoluble hair conditioning agent having a volumeaverage droplet diameter of from about 5 microns to about 125 microns.11. The personal cleansing composition of claim 9 wherein the cationicpolymer has an average molecular weight of from about 500,000 to about2,000,000.
 12. The personal cleansing composition of claim 9 wherein thecationic polymer has an average molecular weight of from about 750,000to about 1,250,000.
 13. The personal cleansing composition of claim 9wherein the cationic charge density of the cationic polymer is fromabout 2 meq/gm to about 10 meq/gm.
 14. The personal cleansingcomposition of claim 9 further comprising from about 0.1% to about 5%,by weight, of a phase separation initiator selected from the groupconsisting of electrolytes, amphiphiles and mixtures thereof.
 15. Thecomposition of claim 9 wherein said cationic polymer promotes theformation of a microscopic-phase separation of lyotropic liquid crystalsin said composition, the liquid crystals exhibiting birefringence.
 16. Apersonal cleansing composition according to claim 9 comprising lytropicliquid crystals that aids in the deposition of particles.
 17. A personalcleansing composition comprising: A. from about 5% to about 50% byweight of a detersive surfactant component selected from the groupconsisting of anionic surfactants, amphoteric and zwitterionicsurfactants having an attached group that is anionic at the pH of thecomposition, and combinations thereof; B. from about 0.025% to about 5%by weight of a water soluble or dispersible, cationic, non-crosslinked,conditioning copolymer comprising: i. one or more cationic monomerunits, and ii. one or more nonionic or monomer units bearing a terminalnegative charge wherein said copolymer has a positive charge, a cationiccharge density of from about 2 meq/gm to about 10 meq/gm, and an averagemolecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 5,000,000; and C. fromabout 20% to about 94% by weight of water.
 18. The personal cleansingcomposition of claim 17 further comprising from about 0.05% to about 5%by weight of dispersed droplets of a water insoluble hair conditioningagent having a volume average droplet diameter of from about 5 micronsto about 125 microns.
 19. The personal cleansing composition of claim 17wherein the cationic charge density of the cationic polymer is fromabout 3 meq/gm to about 8 meq/gm.
 20. The personal cleansing compositionof claim 17 wherein the cationic polymer has an average molecular weightof from about 100,000 to about 2,000,000.
 21. The personal cleansingcomposition of claim 17 further comprising from about 0.1% to about 5%,by weight, of a phase separation initiator selected from the groupconsisting of electrolytes, amphiphiles and mixtures thereof.
 22. Thecomposition of claim 17 wherein said cationic polymer promotes theformation of a microscopic-phase separation of lyotropic liquid crystalsin said composition; the liquid crystals exhibiting birefringence.
 23. Apersonal cleansing composition according to claim 17 comprising lytropicliquid crystals that aids in the deposition of particles.
 24. A methodof treating hair by administering a safe and effective amount of thecomposition according to claim
 1. 25. A method of treating hair byadministering a safe and effective amount of the composition accordingto claim
 9. 26. A method of treating hair by administering a safe andeffective amount of the composition according to claim 17.